Espacios Políticos, Año XI, número 18, junio de 2019, pp. 59-76
Jóvenes migrantes transfronterizos: Circuito laboral entre el noroccidente de
Guatemala y la Riviera maya en México
60
Palabras
clave:
migración
transfronteriza, migraciones mayas,
migración rural–urbana binacional,
migraciones y refugiados.
Abstract
The transboundary migration is
one of the migratory variations that
currently occur in the Guatemala-
Mexico border. It shows several
elements of interest, such as: 1) it
is a migration strategy that, starting
from the rural sector, is aimed
at working destinations in more
urban contexts; in other words, it is
rural-urban migration but within a
binational framework, and likewise, it
can be understood as a south-south
migration; 2) on the other hand, it is
directly related to the history of the
regional mobility in Northwestern
Guatemala, associated with the
internal armed conflict, which largely
guided the configuration of the present
migratory circuit. In which participate
young Mayans of Guatemala, men and
women, from different ethnic groups
(chuj, q’anjob’ales and q’eqchis). This
young people must migrate in order to
guarantee resources that contribute
to their family survival. In doing so,
they try different paths. 3) Finally,
this case shows that the problem
of borders and trans-boundary
migration no longer concern only
the relatively contiguous populations
located on both sides of the border
line, but to a border strip that covers
a more extended area in the southern
of Mexico. In any case, this article
concerns a more complex reality of
borders that is related to the new
realities of the 21st century.
Keywords: trans-boundary migration,
Mayan migrations, rural-urban
migration in binational contexts,
migrations and refugees.
Introducción
Generalmente
la
migración
transfronteriza entre Guatemala
y México se ha trabajado por
investigadores de ambos países,
privilegiando la región del Soconusco
y sus alrededores (Castillo, 1989;
Castillo y Casillas, 1994), debido
en parte a la longevidad de las
migraciones y a sus distintos casos, así
como por la importancia del carácter
laboral de muchas de ellas (Arriola,
1995; Ángeles y Rojas Wiesner, 2000;
Herrera Ruiz, 2004; Ángeles, 2009).
Hace algunas décadas, en otros
municipios chiapanecos del sur central,
se llevaron a cabo varios estudios
que analizaban la problemática de las
migraciones políticas habidas en el
período del conflicto armado interno
en Guatemala (Aguayo y O’Dogherty,
1986; Salvadó, 1988; Aguilar Zinser,
1991; Hernández C., 1992; Kauffer,
2000, 2005), así como otras de
carácter económico o comercial,
centradas en el Estado de Chiapas.
Más recientemente, figuran trabajos
sobre otras modalidades migratorias
entre Centroamérica y México que