2
Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales
Palabras clave: Nueva España, Mesoamérica, globalización,
siglo XVIII, iluminismo, modernidad y liberalismo,
crisis civilizatoria, guerra, pueblos originarios y criollos,
revoluciones de independencia, modelo de desarrollo,
cultura propia, refundación de los Estados.
Abstract
The ideas and political prospective of Alexander
von Humboldt, a man from Illustration, acted with
configuring strength in the America’s elites imaginaries
for independence. Mesoamerica, today a cultural area hit
by neoliberal globalization, lives a socio-environmental
acute crisis and a state of civilization collision. At the same
time, it goes through historical re-founding circumstances,
among a global context where the dissolution of the
international order prevails, and unilateral, imperious and
absolutist solutions are imposed, remaining of the will of re-
conquering that prevailed in the Hispano-American colonies
during Charles III reign. During the XVIII century, in the
Caribbean and Latin America, popular rooted commotions
detonated. They, during that century, would turn into the
prelude of the struggle for independence and emancipation
from Spain. This clash, among the modernizing political
forces and agents, against the hegemonic colonial agents,
was then transformed in a long political battle among liberals
and conservatives, prolonged through the nineteen and
twenty centuries. Now, an inconclusive, unequal and failed
estate of post-modernity, calls upon the re-foundation of
the National States of Mesoamerica.
Keywords: New Spain, Mesoamerica, globalization, XVIII
century, illuminism, modernity and liberalism, civilization
crisis, war, native and creole peoples, independence
revolutions, development model, own culture, States re-
foundation.