MARIO ARTURO RUIZ ESTRADA
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REVISTA ACADÉMICA ECO (15) : 31-52, JULIO / DICIEMBRE 2016
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“Trade-creation effect occurs when some domestic production in a nation that
is a member of the custom union is replaced by lower-cost imports from another
member nation. Assuming that all economic resources are fully employed before
and after formation of the custom union, this production is based on comparative
advantage. The Trade-diversion effect occurs when lower-cost imports from outside
the custom union are replaced by higher cost import from a union member. This
result because of the preferential trade treatment given to member nation. Trade-
diversion effect, by itself, reduces welfare because it shifts production from more
efficient producers outside the custom union to less efficient inside in the union.
Thus, trade diversion worsens the international allocation of resources and shifts
production away from comparative advantage.” (Salvatore, 2001)
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“The CGE models are standard tool for analyzing trade policy. The case of general
equilibrium models are: first liking trade and productivity growth; second foreign
investment and productivity growth; third, endogenous growth and CGE modeling.”
(Mordechai and Plummer, 2002).