A GENERAL THEORETICAL REVIEW ABOUT GLOBALIZATION AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION
REVISTA ACADÉMICA ECO (15) : 31-52, JULIO / DICIEMBRE 2016
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Conclusion
It is discernible from the different phases of this
paper that as far as the study of globalization and
regional integration are concerned, there have been
a large number of alternative concepts, definitions,
and theoretical approaches based on different multi-
disciplinary frameworks that we are explaining in this
paper. Such a constraint compels globalization and
regional integration to use a basic methodology to
explain so deep phenomena. These methodologies
and approaches on the teaching of globalization and
regional integration need to be focused mainly on
the multi-disciplinary aspects to measure the cost/
benefit effect impacts of globalization and regional
integration; Thus, their teaching and learning of
globalization and regional integration for under
graduate students is going to play an important role
to understand the new world trade order from a
young age. The above, being the general conclusion
of the paper, is also the preliminary conclusion in
the early learning about globalization and regional
integration that led to the creation of potential
academics and researchers in the future.
Annex:
1
Globalization as a process (or set of processes)
which embodies a transformation in the spatial
organization of social relations and transactions -
assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity
and impact - generating transcontinental or inter-
regional flows and networks of activity. For Juan Jose
Toribio (2000) define globalization as an accelerated
process of the world economies integrated through
the integration of the production, trade, financial
flows, technological diffusion, information networks,
and cultural currents. Both authors show that
globalization is a dynamic and global process based
on regional integration (Held, 2000)
2
High-income country is a country having an annual
gross national product (GNP) per capita equivalent
to $9,361 or greater in 1998 (World Bank, 2016).
3
“Multilateralism is considered a basic principle of
globalization. This principle tries to promote the
free market through trade and non-trade barriers
measures among nations without discrimination or
some preferences under the control of the general
agreement trade and tariffs (GATT).” (Deardorff
and Stern, 1994). GATT Article 1: Most-favored-
Nation (MFN): “With respect to customs duties and
charges of any kind imposed on or in connection
with importation or exportation or imposed on the
international transfer of payments for imports or
exports, and with respect to the method of levying
such duties and charges, and with respect to all rules
and formalities in connection with importation
and exportation, any advantage, favor, privilege or