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REVISTA ACADÉMICA ECO (15) : 31-52, JULIO / DICIEMBRE 2016
the world trade. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), for example, started to adopt
the open regionalism model. The results it obtained were positive, especially for
the developed countries members.
In order to achieve a stream of open regionalism based on Trans-Pacific Partnership
(TPP) experiences, the following conditions must be considered, such as:
Economic Conditions: American market expansion, foreign direct investment (FDI)
incentives and strong legal framework among its members, different production
structures, efficient combination of production factors: labor and capital, stability in
the exchange rates, maximized uses of economies of scales and these markets such
as Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru,
Singapore, United States, and Vietnam.
Political Conditions: The economic power group’s willingness to integrate the
countries in the new world order.
The combination of the above conditions constitutes the factor leading to the present
success of open regionalism. It is difficult to implement open regionalism between
middle income countries and low income countries. This is because these countries
lack the same kind of economic, political, social and technological conditions as
those present in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). However, it is inappropriate
to argue that open regionalism is the ideal scheme to integrate middle income
countries with high income countries in order to compete in world trade.