A GENERAL THEORETICAL REVIEW ABOUT GLOBALIZATION AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION
REVISTA ACADÉMICA ECO (15) : 31-52, JULIO / DICIEMBRE 2016
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1. Introduction
In the past four decades different authors from
different fields of research (economic and political
view points) have explained the cause and effects
of globalization and regionalism on the world
trade. Different theories and methodologies
have been developed and applied in the study of
globalization and regionalism. All these theories and
methodologies permit visualize globalization and
regionalism from a different dimensions of analysis
such as economic, political, social, and technological.
In our research paper, the single dimension of analysis
in globalization and regionalism is not enough to
explain these two complexes phenomenon. For
this reason, this research suggests the deep review
of globalization and regionalism to have a better
understanding of globalization and regionalism.
2. Globalization
In the past forty years, the whole world has been
experiencing dramatic changes in the economic,
technological, political and social arenas. Many
academicians and researchers in the fields of
economics, politics and sociology refer to these
transformations as Globalization
1
. Globalization
started as a general concept among certain
specialized academic groups in the middle of the
1980’s, with reference to regionalism and the rapid
development of new advanced technologies.
Later, the concept and uses of the word –Globalization-
started to expand in the universal language, until it
became adapted into our common lexicon. It is no
longer a special term used by economists, political
scientists and sociologists. It is regarded to as the
most relevant economic phenomenon these days.
Probably, there is no other concept that can better
define the fundamental challenges in the world
economy in this century than –Globalization-. But
it was not until the 1990’s that Globalization made
its formal appearance and consolidation in the
international context. Furthermore, Globalization
is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon
taking place simultaneously in different levels and
transforming the political, social, economic and
technological scenarios in different parts of the
world. However, Globalization embodies particular
characteristics which are as follows: